1. [n]  the act of expelling a person from their native land; "men in exile dream of hope"; "his deportation to a penal colony"; "the expatriation of wealthy farmers"; "the sentence was one of transportation for life"
2. [n]  expelled from home or country by authority
3. [n]  voluntarily absent from home or country
4. [v]  expel from a country

Exile
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1. \Ex"ile\, n. [OE. exil, fr. L. exilium, exsilium, fr.
   exsuil one who quits, or is banished from, his native soil;
   ex out + solum ground, land, soil, or perh. fr.the root of
   salire to leap, spring; cf. F. exil. Cf. {Sole} of the foot,
   {Saltation}.]
   1. Forced separation from one's native country; expulsion
      from one's home by the civil authority; banishment;
      sometimes, voluntary separation from one's native country.
            Let them be recalled from their exile. --Shak.
   2. The person expelled from his country by authority; also,
      one who separates himself from his home.
            Thou art in exile, and thou must not stay. --Shak.
   Syn: Banishment; proscription; expulsion.
   

2. \Ex"ile\v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Exiled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
   {Exiling}.]
   To banish or expel from one's own country or home; to drive
   away. ``Exiled from eternal God.'' --Tennyson.
         Calling home our exiled friends abroad.  --Shak.
   Syn: See {Banish}.
   

3. \Ex*ile"\, a. [L. exilis.]
   Small; slender; thin; fine. [Obs.] ``An exile sound.''
   --Bacon.
   

(1.) Of the kingdom of Israel. In the time of Pekah, Tiglath-pileser II. carried away captive into Assyria (2 Kings 15:29; comp. Isa. 10:5, 6) a part of the inhabitants of Galilee and of Gilead (B.C. 741).

After the destruction of Samaria (B.C. 720) by Shalmaneser and Sargon (q.v.), there was a general deportation of the Israelites into Mesopotamia and Media (2 Kings 17:6; 18:9; 1 Chr. 5:26). (See ISRAEL, KINGDOM OF.)

(2.) Of the kingdom of the two tribes, the kingdom of Judah. Nebuchadnezzar, in the fourth year of Jehoiakim (Jer. 25:1), invaded Judah, and carried away some royal youths, including Daniel and his companions (B.C. 606), together with the sacred vessels of the temple (2 Chr. 36:7; Dan. 1:2). In B.C. 598 (Jer. 52:28; 2 Kings 24:12), in the beginning of Jehoiachin's reign (2 Kings 24:8), Nebuchadnezzar carried away captive 3,023 eminent Jews, including the king (2 Chr. 36:10), with his family and officers (2 Kings 24:12), and a large number of warriors (16), with very many persons of note (14), and artisans (16), leaving behind only those who were poor and helpless. This was the first general deportation to Babylon.

In B.C. 588, after the revolt of Zedekiah (q.v.), there was a second general deportation of Jews by Nebuchadnezzar (Jer. 52:29; 2 Kings 25:8), including 832 more of the principal men of the kingdom. He carried away also the rest of the sacred vessels (2 Chr. 36:18). From this period, when the temple was destroyed (2 Kings 25:9), to the complete restoration, B.C. 517 (Ezra 6:15), is the period of the "seventy years."

In B.C. 582 occurred the last and final deportation. The entire number Nebuchadnezzar carried captive was 4,600 heads of families with their wives and children and dependants (Jer. 52:30; 43:5-7; 2 Chr. 36:20, etc.). Thus the exiles formed a very considerable community in Babylon.

When Cyrus granted permission to the Jews to return to their own land (Ezra 1:5; 7:13), only a comparatively small number at first availed themselves of the privilege. It cannot be questioned that many belonging to the kingdom of Israel ultimately joined the Jews under Ezra, Zerubbabel, and Nehemiah, and returned along with them to Jerusalem (Jer. 50:4, 5, 17-20, 33-35).

Large numbers had, however, settled in the land of Babylon, and formed numerous colonies in different parts of the kingdom. Their descendants very probably have spread far into Eastern lands and become absorbed in the general population. (See JUDAH, KINGDOM OF; CAPTIVITY.)