\That\, pron., a., conj., & adv. [AS. [eth][ae]t, neuter
nom. & acc. sing. of the article (originally a demonstrative
pronoun). The nom. masc. s[=e], and the nom. fem. se['o] are
from a different root. AS. [eth][ae]t is akin to D. dat, G.
das, OHG. daz, Sw. & Dan. det, Icel. [thorn]at (masc. s[=a],
fem. s[=o]), Goth. [thorn]ata (masc. sa, fem. s[=o]), Gr. ?
(masc. ?, fem. ?), Skr. tat (for tad, masc. sas, fem. s[=a]);
cf. L. istud that. [root]184. Cf. {The}, {Their}, {They},
{Them}, {This}, {Than}, {Since}.]
1. As a demonstrative pronoun (pl. {Those}), that usually
   points out, or refers to, a person or thing previously
   mentioned, or supposed to be understood. That, as a
   demonstrative, may precede the noun to which it refers;
   as, that which he has said is true; those in the basket
   are good apples.
         The early fame of Gratian was equal to that of the
         most celebrated princes.              --Gibbon.
Note: That may refer to an entire sentence or paragraph, and
      not merely to a word. It usually follows, but sometimes
      precedes, the sentence referred to.
            That be far from thee, to do after this manner,
            to slay the righteous with the wicked. --Gen.
                                               xviii. 25.
            And when Moses heard that, he was content. --Lev.
                                               x. 20.
            I will know your business, Harry, that I will.
                                               --Shak.
Note: That is often used in opposition to this, or by way of
      distinction, and in such cases this, like the Latin hic
      and French ceci, generally refers to that which is
      nearer, and that, like Latin ille and French cela, to
      that which is more remote. When they refer to foreign
      words or phrases, this generally refers to the latter,
      and that to the former.
            Two principles in human nature reign; Self-love,
            to urge, and Reason, to restrain; Nor this a
            good, nor that a bad we call.      --Pope.
            If the Lord will, we shall live, and do this or
            that.                              --James iv.
                                               16.
2. As an adjective, that has the same demonstrative force as
   the pronoun, but is followed by a noun.
         It shall be more tolerable for Sodom and Gomorrah in
         the day of judgment, than for that city. --Matt. x.
                                               15.
         The woman was made whole from that hour. --Matt. ix.
                                               22.
Note: That was formerly sometimes used with the force of the
      article the, especially in the phrases that one, that
      other, which were subsequently corrupted into th'tone,
      th'tother (now written t'other).
            Upon a day out riden knightes two . . . That one
            of them came home, that other not. --Chaucer.
3. As a relative pronoun, that is equivalent to who or which,
   serving to point out, and make definite, a person or thing
   spoken of, or alluded to, before, and may be either
   singular or plural.
         He that reproveth a scorner getteth to himself
         shame.                                --Prov. ix. 7.
         A judgment that is equal and impartial must incline
         to the greater probabilities.         --Bp. Wilkins.
Note: If the relative clause simply conveys an additional
      idea, and is not properly explanatory or restrictive,
      who or which (rarely that) is employed; as, the king
      that (or who) rules well is generally popular;
      Victoria, who (not that) rules well, enjoys the
      confidence of her subjects. Ambiguity may in some cases
      be avoided in the use of that (which is restrictive)
      instead of who or which, likely to be understood in a
      co["o]rdinating sense. --Bain. That was formerly used
      for that which, as what is now; but such use is now
      archaic.
            We speak that we do know, and testify that we
            have seen.                         --John iii.
                                               11.
            That I have done it is thyself to wite [blame].
                                               --Chaucer.
      That, as a relative pronoun, cannot be governed by a
      preposition preceding it, but may be governed by one at
      the end of the sentence which it commences.
            The ship that somebody was sailing in. --Sir W.
                                               Scott.
      In Old English, that was often used with the
      demonstratives he, his, him, etc., and the two together
      had the force of a relative pronoun; thus, that he =
      who; that his = whose; that him = whom.
            I saw to-day a corpse yborn to church That now on
            Monday last I saw him wirche [work]. --Chaucer.
      Formerly, that was used, where we now commonly use
      which, as a relative pronoun with the demonstrative
      pronoun that as its antecedent.
            That that dieth, let it die; and that that is to
            cut off, let it be cut off.        --Zech. xi. 9.
4. As a conjunction, that retains much of its force as a
   demonstrative pronoun. It is used, specifically:
   (a) To introduce a clause employed as the object of the
       preceding verb, or as the subject or predicate
       nominative of a verb.
             She tells them 't is a causeless fantasy, And
             childish error, that they are afraid. --Shak.
             I have shewed before, that a mere possibility to
             the contrary, can by no means hinder a thing
             from being highly credible.       --Bp. Wilkins.
   (b) To introduce, a reason or cause; -- equivalent to for
       that, in that, for the reason that, because.
             He does hear me; And that he does, I weep.
                                               --Shak.
   (c) To introduce a purpose; -- usually followed by may, or
       might, and frequently preceded by so, in order, to the
       end, etc.
             These things I say, that ye might be saved.
                                               --John v. 34.
             To the end that he may prolong his days. --Deut.
                                               xvii. 20.
   (d) To introduce a consequence, result, or effect; --
       usually preceded by so or such, sometimes by that.
             The birds their notes renew, and bleating herds
             Attest their joy, that hill and valley rings.
                                               --Milton.
             He gazed so long That both his eyes were
             dazzled.                          --Tennyson.
   (e) To introduce a clause denoting time; -- equivalent to
       in which time, at which time, when.
             So wept Duessa until eventide, That shining
             lamps in Jove's high course were lit. --Spenser.
             Is not this the day That Hermia should give
             answer of her choice?             --Shak.
   (f) In an elliptical sentence to introduce a dependent
       sentence expressing a wish, or a cause of surprise,
       indignation, or the like.
             Ha, cousin Silence, that thou hadst seen that
             that this knight and I have seen! --Shak.
   O God, that right should thus overcome might! --Shak.
Note: That was formerly added to other conjunctions or to
      adverbs to make them emphatic.
            To try if that our own be ours or no. --Shak.
      That is sometimes used to connect a clause with a
      preceding conjunction on which it depends.
            When he had carried Rome and that we looked For
            no less spoil than glory.          --Shak.
5. As adverb: To such a degree; so; as, he was that
   frightened he could say nothing. [Archaic or in illiteral
   use.]
{All that}, everything of that kind; all that sort.
         With singing, laughing, ogling, and all that.
                                               --Pope.
         The rank is but the guinea's stamp, The man's the
         gowd [gold] for a'that.               --Burns.
{For that}. See under {For}, prep.
{In that}. See under {In}, prep.