\Ul`tra*mon"ta*nism\, n. [Cf. F.
ultramontanisme.]
The principles of those within the Roman Catholic Church who
maintain extreme views favoring the pope's supremacy; -- so
used by those living north of the Alps in reference to the
Italians; -- rarely used in an opposite sense, as referring
to the views of those living north of the Alps and opposed to
the papal claims. Cf. {Gallicanism}.