A mathematical procedure which estimates values of a function at positions between listed or given values. Interpolation works by fitting a "curve" (i.e. a function) to two or more given points and then applying this function to the required input. Example uses are calculating trigonometric functions from tables and audio waveform sythesis.

The simplest form of interpolation is where a function, f(x), is estimated by drawing a straight line ("linear interpolation") between the nearest given points on either side of the required input value:

        f(x) ~ f(x1) + (f(x2) - f(x1))(x-x1)/(x2 - x1)

There are many variations using more than two points or higher degree polynomial functions. The technique can also be extended to functions of more than one input.